Alicia+Kozero

Directions: Many of the minerals we learned about during chapter 4 are the chief "rock-forming minerals." Next, we are going to investigate the 3 major rock types: igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic. Your job during this assignment is to **search** the Internet for a common rock that is composed of __**2 or more of the minerals listed in bold below**__ and to **describe** how that rock forms from those minerals (1 good paragraph in your own words). You must include a **picture of the minerals** themselves, a **picture of the rock**, and a **picture illustrating the process by which the rock forms** (Include captions describing your images). The chief rock forming minerals are: **Calcite, Feldspar, Quartz, Augite, Garnet, Hornblende, Kaolin, Biotite Mica and Muscovite Mica.** Many many rocks are formed from these minerals so begin with some simple Internet research on "common rocks" formed from the most common minerals on our list. You can have one partner, but again make sure the completed assignment appears on both of your wikis.
 * **ASSIGNMENT 2: Rock Forming Minerals**

__**20 points total**__ The minerals that are found in granite are **[|quartz],** **[|feldspars]** and **micas**. **Quartz's** hardness, lack of chemical reactivity and near lack of cleavage give granite a significant amount of its desirable durable properties. The K-feldspars are generally the ones that give granite its color variations from yellow to orange to pink or blue. Dark K-feldspars can give granite its black varieties as well.. The ** micas ** are generally silver, black or brown or violet or pink and provide the sparkle that some granites possess.
 * Grading for assignment 4 is based on the following:**
 * 5 points for the paragraph description of how the rock mkesaa**
 * 5 points for the picture showing how the rock forms**
 * 5** **points for the pictures of the minerals involved**
 * 5 points for the** **picture of the rock you're describing**



Directions: Work with a partner to explain one example of an **interaction between 2** of the [|earth systems] we discussed in class. (Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere, Biosphere). The systems are described in your notes for unit 1. Your job is to **type one paragraph** explaining ** how they interact ** and to ** include at least 1 supporting image **. Don't forget to make sure that the completed assignment is copied onto both of your wikis for grading purposes along with the title: **ASSIGNMENT 1: Earth Systems Interactions**.
 * **ASSIGNMENT 1: Earth Systems Interactions**


 * example: Lithosphere and Hydrosphere**
 * [|Weathering]** is the breaking down of Earth's [|rocks], [|soils] and [|minerals] through direct contact with the planet's [|atmosphere] which contains water vapor (a part of Earth's hydrosphere). Through this process Earth's lithosphere is worn away slowly over time and sediments are laid down in new areas. These sediments will eventually form new rocks of Earth's crust. **Magma cooling:** Sometimes lava (magma that is pushed above Earth's surface comes into contact with ocean water (a part of the hydrosphere). This cool water rapidly cools the lava; turning it into the newest crustal rocks. (basalt in many cases). [[image:http://www.hawaii-lisa.com/uploaded_images/Lava-flows-downt-the-pali-to-the-ocean-USGS-773056.jpg caption="http://www.hawaii-lisa.com/uploaded_images/Lava-flows-downt-the-pali-to-the-ocean-USGS-773056.jpg"]]

Directions: The current estimated age of the known universe is approximately 13.73 billion years old. The current estimated age of our solar system is approximately 4.5 billion years old. Your job is to use your notes and the Internet to EXPLAIN how our solar system and the planets formed and to describe the remnants that were left over from those formations. **Include a definition or link to these 16 terms**: __nebula__, __terrestrial planet, gas giant__, planetesimal, planet, satellite (moon), __[|asteroid]__, __asteroid belt__, __meteor__, meteoroid, __meteorite__, __comet__, nucleus, coma__, Kuiper belt, Oort cloud__. The EXPLANATION should be sequential (follows the correct series of steps in the actual formation of the solar system). You may work in groups of no more than 2 people to complete this assignment and you will be given at least 2 class periods. When done, make sure to copy the complete summary to the second partner's wiki page so I may grant credit. **NOTE: This can be written in paragraph format or as a series of sequential steps, but either way your notes are a good guide to follow since they are in correct chronological order already.** Also, I would recommend using a table(s) for good organization of terms, images, etc. (SEE TABLE BELOW)
 * **ASSIGNMENT 3: Solar System Formation and Leftovers**

The solar system consists of the sun and the astronomical objects by gravity, which was formed from a giant mocular coud aproximately 4.6 billion years ago. Nebula-Interstellar cloud of gas and dust they are the inner planets closest to the sun || || [|planet] that is not primarily composed of [|rock] or other [|solid] matter. || || [|gravity], is not massive enough to cause [|thermonuclear fusion], and has [|cleared its neighbouring region] of [|planetesimals].[|[a]][|[1]][|[2]] ||  ||
 * Your grade for this will be comprised of:**
 * define or describe 16 terms = 16 points**
 * content is well organized (table(s) are a good idea) = 4 points**
 * quality / completeness of overall explanation = 10 points**
 * 5 good supporting images = 10**
 * Total = 40 points (Approximately half of a test)**
 * Assignment 3: Solar System Formation and Leftovers**
 * **Nebula**-Interstellar cloud of gas and dust || [[image:http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTowoWnX47CF0IqjLQQYBWyQ8yVNXhZeI4dgBTGJdr5y8kuq7Tv width="227" height="222"]] ||
 * **Terrestrial Planet**-is a [|planet] that is primarily composed of [|silicate] [|rocks] and/or [|metals].
 * **Gas giant-**sometimes also known as a **Jovian planet** after the planet [|Jupiter], or **giant planet**) is a large
 * **Planetesimal**-are solid objects thought to exist in [|protoplanetary disks] and in [|debris disks] || [[image:http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSUiAtBh3rLhIg2jKDpeSO0VZuI8zdC3DWbDdG4e82isyx4K5uz width="256" height="180"]] ||
 * **Planet**-is a celestial body [|orbiting] a [|star] or [|stellar remnant] that is massive enough to be rounded by its own
 * **Satellite (moon)-**is an [|object] which has been placed into [|orbit] by [|human] endeavor. Such objects are sometimes called
 * artificial satellites** to distinguish them from [|natural satellites] such as the [|Moon]. || [[image:http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSymRExv-WUJR8ToPpB93kvguBePZfOGmZDSZrulA_Bp8oA_DCtiQ width="221" height="228"]] ||
 * **Asteroid-**(from [|Greek], [|ἀστήρ] ”star” + [|εἶδος] “like”, in form), sometimes grouped with [|Centaurs], [|Neptune trojans] and [|trans-Neptunian objects] into [|**minor planets**] or **planetoids**, are a class of [|small Solar System bodies] in orbit around the [|Sun]. The term "asteroid" was historically applied to any astronomical object orbiting the Sun that was not observed to have the characteristics of an active [|comet] or a planet, but it has increasingly come to particularly refer to the small rocky and metallic bodies of the inner solar system and out to the orbit of [|Jupiter]. As small objects in the [|outer Solar System] have begun to be discovered their observed composition differs from the objects historically termed asteroids. Harbouring predominantly [|volatiles]-based material similar to comets rather than the more familiar rocky or metallic asteroids, they are often distinguished from them.[|[1]] || [[image:http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSqK11dFbrQ_tl5eHvOVOVL2Q62IsyEVi4AoYwybwTOXCZfAmsdhA width="225" height="225"]] ||
 * **Asteroid belt-** is the region of the [|Solar System] located roughly between the orbits of the [|planets] [|Mars] and [|Jupiter]. It is occupied by numerous irregularly shaped bodies called [|asteroids] or [|minor planets]. The asteroid belt region is also termed the **main asteroid belt** or **main belt** because there are other asteroids in the solar system such as [|near earth asteroids] and [|trojan asteroids]. || [[image:http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcShX65Wd9hCbDLqqF5h2OKBubCWZ7pzjLhc2RTYx2IbLsPlg1RW width="265" height="190"]] ||
 * **Meteor-** A meteor is a bright streak of light that appears briefly in the sky. Observers often call meteors shooting stars or falling stars because they look like stars falling from the sky. People sometimes call the brightest meteors fireballs. A meteor appears when a particle or chunk of metallic or stony matter called a meteoroid enters the earth's atmosphere from outer space. Air friction heats the meteoroid so that it glows and creates a shining trail of gases and melted meteoroid particles. The gases include vaporized meteoroid material and atmospheric gases that heat up when the meteoroid passes through the atmosphere. Most meteors glow for about a second. || [[image:http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTy1mcXDDi6TZSyO5P85pFRertgcXgGW1I3_9AUH9oR88AHkffy6g width="243" height="208"]] ||
 * **Meteoroid-**are small bodies that travel through space. Meteoroids are smaller than asteroids; most are smaller than the size of a pebble. Meteoroids have many sources. Most meteoroids come from [|asteroids] that are broken apart by impacts with other asteroids. Other meteoroids come from the [|moon], from [|comets], and from the planet [|Mars]. || [[image:http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcT4OCjhmuBVICmV-lNNOwaOlHzZxFtRQ_5CFutIa75yhtQyX35ygA width="212" height="238"]] ||
 * **meteorite-**is a natural object originating in [|outer space] that survives impact with the Earth's surface. Meteorites can be big or small. Most meteorites derive from small [|astronomical objects] called [|meteoroids], but they are also sometimes produced by impacts of [|asteroids]. When it enters the atmosphere, [|impact pressure] causes the body to heat up and emit light, thus forming a [|fireball], also known as a [|meteor] or **shooting/falling star**. The term **bolide** refers to either an extraterrestrial body that collides with the Earth, or to an exceptionally bright, fireball-like meteor regardless of whether it ultimately impacts the surface. || [[image:http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSdfgU1TNq21LUKsVfmsLHGNtSb5S184ZiDcErgYKNJp4B2g4PkIQ width="200" height="252"]] ||
 * **Comet-**is an icy [|small Solar System body] that, when close enough to the [|Sun], displays a visible [|coma] (a thin, fuzzy, temporary [|atmosphere]) and sometimes also a [|tail]. These phenomena are both due to the effects of [|solar radiation] and the [|solar wind] upon the [|nucleus of the come] || [[image:http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQgZyBf08hXPnFRNKgmx-EyjzcwYGIIvqF9fbRd_Wnee89PezGz width="237" height="213"]] ||
 * **Nucleus**- is a membrane enclosed in organelle. || [[image:http://ridge.icu.ac.jp/gen-ed/cell-lect-gifs/09nucleus-diag.GIF caption="external image 09nucleus-diag.GIF"]] ||
 * **Coma-**diffuse portion of a comet || [[image:http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRUOlNaa5DOKi5ySfsUu24HBOCWYdeCrXXqK6zu4_drq3zTgkyO width="228" height="221"]] ||
 * **Kuiper Belt-**sometimes called the **Edgeworth-Kuiper belt**, is a region of the [|Solar System] beyond the planets extending from the [|orbit] of [|Neptune] (at 30 [|AU]) to approximately 55 [|AU] from the [|Sun].[|[2]] It is similar to the [|asteroid belt], although it is far larger—20 times as wide and 20–200 times as massive.[|[3]][|[4]] Like the asteroid belt, it consists mainly of [|small bodies], or remnants from the Solar System's formation. || [[image:http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQL6OBfDVK3B6Ae5n28NkpRS3fpmatd3_6ZDt1UsurG6koW1DBbWg width="275" height="183"]] ||
 * **Oort Cloud-**The Oort cloud is an immense spherical cloud surrounding the planetary system and extending approximately 3 light years, about 30 trillion kilometers from the [|Sun]. This vast distance is considered the edge of the Sun's orb of physical, gravitational, or dynamical influence || [[image:http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTwt0hVoPKZAkGy1fLiirVZOhEIUkPztOV-qRyZsep3zW0aZsH9 width="222" height="227"]] ||